Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of Comic
By Henri Bergson, member of the Institute Professor at the College de France
Authorised Translation by Cloudesley Brereton L. es L. (Paris), M.A. (Cantab) and Fred Rothwell b.a. (London)
http://www.authorama.com/book/laughter.html
Interview with Saul Steinberg, innovative and influential cartoon artist:
Interview with Gary Baseman: (influences such artists as McBess and Gary Taxali)
Martin Colyer's Illustration blog:
Essays on Illustration here
Clement Greenberg, Avant-Garde and Kitsch
http://www.sharecom.ca/greenberg/kitsch.html
Laura Mulvey on the Male Gaze:
Visual Pleasure and the Narrative Cinema, 1975
http://imlportfolio.usc.edu/ctcs505/mulveyVisualPleasureNarrativeCinema.pdf
Marshall McLuhan:
Interview from Playboy, 1969
Despite being an example of one of the often used justifications for reading this magazine, this was an important interview in which Marshall McLuhan explained some of this most important theories.
http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/classes/188/spring07/mcluhan.pdf
The Galaxy Reconfigured; The Medium is the Message
http://www.manovich.net/vis242_winter_2006/New%20Media%20Reader%20all/13-mcluhan-03.pdf
WRITING YOUR ESSAY
What is a Critical Essay?
A critical essay is a critique or review of another work, usually one which is arts related (i.e. book, play, movie, painting). However, the critical essay is more than just a summary of the contents of the other work or your opinion of its value. The critical essay is an objective analysis of the work, examining both its positive and negative aspects.
The critical essay is informative and stresses the work rather than your opinion. You need to support any observations or claims you make with evidence. For this reason, in writing a critical essay, it’s better not to use the first person “I”.
Following the general essay format of title, introduction, body, and conclusion is helpful in writing the critical essay.
Formatting Your Critical Essay
Introduction: The introduction of a critical essay introduces the topic,
It also states your position on the work and briefly outlines the questions that led you to develop the arguments you'll detail in the body of your essay.
Tip: Use relevant background or historical information to show the importance of the work and the reason for your evaluation.
Body: The body of a critical essay contains information that supports your position on the topic.
Develop your arguments through using facts that explain your position, compare it to the opinions of experts, and evaluate the work. Directly follow each statement of opinion with supporting evidence.
1. The critical essay should briefly examine other opinions of the work, using them to strengthen your position. Use both the views of experts that are contrary to your viewpoint as well as those in agreement with your position.
2. Use your evidence to show why your conclusion is stronger than opposing views, examining the strength of others' reasoning and the quality of their conclusions in contrast to yours.
3. As well as comparisons, include examples, dates, and anecdotes.
4. Find supporting evidence within the work itself, in other critical discussions of the work, and through external sources such as a biography of the author or artist.
Tips:
* Using paragraphs for each point you analyze and including transitions from point to point improves the flow of your essay.
* As well as from paragraph to paragraph, check to see that the entire essay is well organized and that the information within each paragraph is well ordered.
Conclusion: The conclusion of your critical essay restates your position and summarizes how your evidence supports your point of view.
Final Touches for the Critical Essay
The critical essay is an informative review based on authoritative and expert evidence. Completing the essay with the appropriate final touches adds an authoritative look to your composition.
Since much of the information in a critical essay is based on the opinions and viewpoints of others, it is crucial to properly cite your sources within the body of the essay (using numbered references) and include a list of sources at the end of the paper. Use the Harvard referencing system for your citations.
2. Remember to proofread your essay. Mechanical errors (spelling, grammar, punctuation) erase your credibility as an expert on your topic.
REFERENCING your essay:
There are some downloadable PDF guides here:
http://insight.glos.ac.uk/departments/lis/resources/pages/referencing.aspx
Tips for getting a good grade in written assignments:
Don't describe an image just to fill space. You may refer to an aspect of the image, followed by a point of discussion about that aspect.
Don't use phrases that are subjective (“This is one of my favourite images...” ) speculative ( “the lady in the picture seems to be ...” ) colloquial (“this doesn't float my boat”) . or contractions such as would've, should've etc.
Put all direct quotations, from both primary and secondary sources, in quotation marks or indent them.
Provide full details of the source of the quotation, formatted to the Harvard referencing system.
Acknowledge the source of ideas not your own, even if you are not quoting directly from the source.
Avoid close paraphrase from sources. (Check that you are not presenting other people’s words or phrasing as if they are your own.)
15 Feb - very useful website for art history here
http://www.theartstory.org/section_movements.htm
Essays to read :
Susan Sontag: Against Interpretation (1964)
http://www.uiowa.edu/~c08g001d/Sontag_AgainstInterp.pdf
Notes on Camp (1964)
http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/theory/sontag-notesoncamp-1964.html
Walter Benjamin :
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936)http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
Sharon Kinsella:
Cuties In Japan
https://webspace.yale.edu/anth254/restricted/Kinsella_1995_in-Moeran.pdf
John Berger:
Ways of Seeing (1972)
http://engl101-stevens.wikispaces.umb.edu/file/view/BergerWaysOfSeeing.pdfUniversity referencing page
Essays by Clement Greenberg:
http://www.sharecom.ca/greenberg/default.html#anchor105692
More essay tips:
Referencing of Sources: The Harvard System; The Footnote System
What is referencing and why should it be used?
Academic work demands that you read widely and consider the work of other writers and
researchers when you are preparing your essays and other assignments. Using this work
without acknowledgement is to steal the ideas of other people and is called plagiarism . It
is, therefore, very important that you acknowledge these ideas and opinions as belonging
to a particular author, as they are considered to be that author’s intellectual property. This
procedure is called citing or quoting references . By doing this you are making it possible
for readers to locate the source material that you have used.
What are references?
A numbered reference should be used:
whenever you quote directly.
to state a source,
to acknowledge a borrowing.
Reference numbers should be used within the text (like on Wikipedia pages) and normally be in superscript (appearing above the line of text). However, if necessary, they can also be shown in brackets e.g. (26).
Notes should be numbered consecutively (1, 2, 3 …) throughout the text.
Notes should not duplicate information already made clear in the text..
Reference numbers should not be repeated when referring to a source cited previously. Always use a new reference number in such cases.
Web sources
Quality of sources:
Don't quote from Wikipedia. It is not acceptable as a reference- you must follow up the sources on the Wikipedia page you have visited. You can however put Wikipedia pages you have visited in your Bibliography.
If no personal author or title is visible, you can include the organisation responsible for the
web page instead. If neither are obvious, begin your reference with the URL, then insert the date, eg
http://www.onlinehealthsurvey.org/happiness.htm (2008) (Accessed: 17 June 2009)
• If a web page has no author, title or date you should consider whether it is suitable for
academic work. Remember that a person’s ability to publish material on the internet bears no relation to their academic abilities. Use established and reputable sites, and research the names of authors of articles to establish their credentials as experts.
Bibliography
A full list of the sources you have used, books, journals and the Internet, should be listed in alphabetical order by author. Details on the Harvard referencing system can be found on the University LIS site Insight. (address on your assignment sheet.)
http://www.fulltable.com - Website of Dr Chris Mullen
Illustrator of the week - Nate Williams
http://www.n8w.com/gallery/tags/images
No comments:
Post a Comment